Onrust Island

History records that before the VOC seize Anaheim and then replace it with a Batavia, they first have to build Onrust Island (1613), an island in the Thousand Islands group, and two years later began operating as a shipyard, where the ships are tired after through the earth datarik half the distance to the beach, tilted, and patched-board papannya the replacement of obsolete done.

JP Coen, the founder of Batavia always feel suspicious people on Java (referred to by the Javanese people are VOC Central Java, East Java, West Java, and even the people of Kampung Jawa who have been there at that time in Palembang), prefer take advantage of Chinese migrant workers to be rough on the island of Onrust. Owing to the assistance Souw Kong Beng (Chinese migrants who become the first to kapiten Chinese community in the early establishment of Batavia), a number of skilled labor migrants from the Chinese, especially the wood gatherer forced to work in the shipyard on the island of Onrust it.

To protect the island that is now increasingly out of this abrasion eaten accidentally, in the mid-17th century, the island VOC complete with cannon-gun placed on the beach and fortresses watcher. Dismping it, also built a fortress and later in the year 1671, artillery also placed in place in the islands around the island of Onrust, such as the Island Cuyper, Bidadari and coming to protect ships regenerate the middle and protect cargo ship terhdap pirate attacks that led French origin by Francois Caron, or from other sea raider who are many in number.

In the century to 17 and 18, Onrust Island, has a very important role for the COMPANY fully recline strength in the ship. Supported by carpenters, carpenter who is very skilled, shipyard in the small island is also able to improve the ship Endeover the damage after the circumference of the world (1770). James Cook, a ship captain who also write a report about the many Batavia memujinya a shipyard as the best in the entire eastern parts of the earth.

Around the year 1775, Onrust live on the island of 1,200 people. Most of them are tukan timber ships, as are a number of army which flatfoot legal work force. Two years later went about 300 servile, there are dozens of them also women. This small island has also become crowded with a farrago of people, in addition to ships that sail from the month-speaking Europe to Java or from India, Japan, and also from Ambon to Batavia.

In the year 1800 the British came memblokade Batavia. They then burn what is in the island. Not satisfied only that, six years later, in 1806 they came again and not leaving any islands from the shipyard in the centuries before the name is popular in the international shipping duinia. Hilarity in the Onrust also seems becalmed. At the time Deandels that Niew reaction to the Batavia, because Oud Batavia was not considered feasible longer inhabited, the remnants of the building also Onrust Island buildings demolished in the Oud Batavia. Ingredients used untk build Weltervreden (Area Gambir now) as the center of Niew Batavia, including the building Deandels Palace of the current Finance Minister in the Office of Field Service.

Not long after, British control of Batavia (1811-1816) and St Raffles become Lieutenant Gubernurnya. Island Onrust not disentuhnya. Until later in the year 1823 Onrust again be used to repair ships the Dutch East Indies government and the private sector. A floating dry dock in the year 1856 also paired in there. The subsequent years 1868 and a vigorous steam engine to serve ships iron in datangkan in this area. However kegemilangan Onrust seems to have stopped, Port of Tanjung Priok a more complete and unimpeded stopover for ships that operated the large (1883).

Early 20th century, Onrust Island diramaikan back a number of people. Around the year 1911 the island is used as a sanatorium for people with TB are many more that started in Batavia dirty air. Sanatorium is then transferred to the Bidadari Island, along with use Onrust as a candidate for the post congregation of Hajj pilgrimage to Mecca will (1920).

Not long later (1933), a number of prisoners placed on the island, including hundreds of male German internment Civil especially after the German occupying the Netherlands. One of the internir German citizens on the island are descendants of the Jews. R. Frukstuck name. Originally he was displaced from Germany to Singapore at the time of Hitler do Genocida top emua derivative Smith. In Singapore because he felt it continues to be pursued Nazi, he moved to the Dutch East Indies. But also because he still berkewarganegaraan Germany, he disingghkan on this island together with other German internment.

Then it independent of Indonesia. And guard prisoners on the island of Onrust trickle find survivors. Island Onrustpun not Onrust (many) more. Meanwhile, the new name of Jakarta Batavia, along with the influx of army troops Dai Nippon, starting felt so crowded. Migrants from the corners of the archipelago race entering the capital. At the same time, the newly independent nation only behind this spirit. Consequently, there is not money so much to attack the disease in Jakarta. Onrust return to the dimafaatkan. This time to isolate those who suffer from infectious diseases, gutter and street beggar (1960-1965). There is no record that on this island after people are isolation diseases, communicable and drifter it. Until then Ali Sadikin Bung Karno be appointed by the Governor of Buenos Aires (1966-1977). At this time, Bang Ali Onrust as one of the protected historic site.

Source :Kepulauan Seribu Membangun

Important Events in the 17th Century

1610.... VOC want to do banten monopoly in the trade and seek new trade center, fell on the Jayakarta options that have sunda kelapa harbor. VOC then ask permission from the prince Jayakarta to use one of the island located in the Jakarta Bay. Prince Jayakarta approve the request. Created to the agreement, which contains dutch may take the wood to repair and ship them in the Jakarta Bay in the agreement signed on 10 - 13 November 1610
VOC again ask permission to build a shipyard in the Jakarta Bay, because the ship - the ship they often must undergo repairs after a long travel prince jayakarta gave the county permission of the island, which has extensive 12 ha, which is in about 14 km from the mainland by the island VOC given the name the island Onrust

1613 VOC start development on the island of Onrust up with the shipyard and warehouse. Jan Pieterszoon Coen also want to put colonies on the island of Onrust sent to the family in Chinese Onrust

1615 Onrust island has become a shipyard and warehousing. On the island there is also a small hospital to treat the sick sailors that while the city of Batavia has not been established

1616 Jan Pieterszoon Coen developed Onrust to become a frontline of defense because of increased threats by the people of Banten and the British. Coen gathered armada which consisted of 15 ship on the island to the keep the British Armada under command of Sir Thomas Dale ( Former Governor of colony Virginia – now state of Virginia USA)

1656 The small fortresses built-shaped sige four with 2 bastion

1671 Stronghold in the widening use of brick and coral reefs in terms 5 with a bastion at each corner. One is the expansion bastion beekhuis goal is also to keep the ship - the ship which is in the fix. Here capacious all the ships from pirate ships Franbois Baron ships and other gadfly.

1674 Built windmill for sawing wood and warehouse - the warehouse to store goods - goods in the pliers will send to the Netherlands / Europe.

1691 Built to two windmill

1695 The strong as the bastion and is inhabited by 148 VOC servant and about 200 slav

Jan Pieterszoon Coen

Jan Pieterszoon Coen (8 January 1587 – 21 September 1629) was an officer of Dutch East India Company (VOC) in the early seventeenth century, holding two terms as its Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies.

A national hero in the Netherlands, for providing the impulse that set the VOC on the path to dominance in the Dutch East Indies. A quote of his from 1618 is well known, "Despair not, spare your enemies not, for God is with us" ("Dispereert niet, ontziet uw vijanden niet, want God is met ons" in Dutch). Since the latter half 20th century he has been looked at in a more critical light, as some people view his often violent means to have been excessive.

Coen was known in his time on account of strict governance and harsh criticism of people who did not share his views, at times directed even at the 17 Lords of the VOC (for which he was reprimanded). His overall policies were however never judged to be unreasonable. Coen was known be strict towards subordinates and merciless to his opponents. His willingness to use violence to obtain his ends was too much for many, even for such a relatively violent period of history. When Saartje Specx, a girl who he had been entrusted to care for, was found in a garden in the arms of a soldier, Pieter Cortenhoeff, Coen showed little mercy in having her whipped instead of drowned in a barrel as he first intended. Cortenhoeff was beheaded.

Coen was born at Hoorn on 8 January 1587 and in 1601 travelled to Rome to study trade in the offices of Justus Pescatore, where he learned the art of bookkeeping. Joining the Dutch East India Company (VOC), he made trading voyages to Indonesia in 1607 and 1612. On the second trip, he commanded two ships and in October 1613 was appointed accountant-general of all VOC offices in Indonesia and president of the head office in Bantam (Indonesian: Banten) and of Jakarta. In 1614, he was made director-general, second in command. On 25 October 1617 the 17 Lords of VOC appointed him their fourth governor-general in the East Indies (of which he was informed on 30 April 1618).

On account of disputes at the head office in Bantam with natives, the Chinese, and the English, the VOC desired a better central headquarters. Coen thus directed more of the company's trade through Jakarta, where it had established a factory in 1610. However not trusting the native ruler, he deciding in 1618 to convert the Dutch warehouses into a fort. While away on an expedition the English had taken control over the town. Coen managed to reconquer Jakarta, fire destroying most of the town during the process. He rebuilt city and fort. In 1621 the city was renamed Batavia. Coen preferred Nieuw Hoorn, after his hometown, but didn't get his way.

Coen also set about establishing a monopoly over the trade in nutmeg and mace which could be obtained only from the Banda Islands. The inhabitants of Banda had been selling the spices to the English, despite contracts with the VOC which obliged them to sell only to the VOC, at low prices. In 1621, he led an armed expedition to Banda, taking the island of Lonthor by force after encountering some fierce resistance, mostly by cannons the natives had acquired from the English. A large part of the inhabitants were killed or exiled to other islands.

On 1 February 1623, he handed his post to Pieter de Carpentier and returned to the Netherlands, where he was given a hero's welcome off the coast of Texel. He then became head of the VOC chamber in Hoorn and worked on establishing new policies. During his absence from the East Indies, difficulties with the English were exacerbated by the Amboyna Massacre. On 3 October 1624 he was reappointed governor-general in the East Indies, but his departure was hindered by the English. In 1625, he married and in 1627 departed incognito for the East Indies with his wife, their newborn child and her brother and sister, starting work on 30 September 1627. After his arrival, the English abandoned Batavia and established their headquarters in Bantam.

Twice during Coen's term in office, Sultan Agung of Mataram besieged Batavia, in 1628 and 1629. However, Agung's military was poorly armed and had inadequate provisions of food, and was never able to capture the city.

During Agung's second siege Coen suddenly died on 21 September 1629. Some say that at Agung's graveyard in Imogiri, central Java, that parts of Coen's remains were secreted away from their Batavia resting place, and placed under the stairway to Agung's grave, as all pilgrims to the grave would walk over them.

Important Evant In The 18th Century

Important Evant In The 18^th Century

1721 Tension brew on onrust due to overcrowding

1723 Tension once again brew and 4 companies Of VOC soldier were sent to Onrust to prevent uproar

1735 Overcrowding, due to large number of staff, worker and slaves that reside on the Island. This condition resulted in antoher potinsial uproar.

1757 Approximately 200 worker, which consisted of skilled ship carpenter, hundreds of sailors who were sent to Onrust for hard labor, 300 VOC slaves ( among them are woman and children) and 600 slaves lived on the Island.

1770 Captain james cook had to repair the ship, the “Endeavour” on Onrust on his Return journey froum australia

Captain James Cook on Onrust

Captain James Cook on Onrust

In 1770, on his return journey from western shores of Australia, Captain James Cook made a stop at Batavia and Onrust. The purpose of this stop was to repair ship, The Bark Endeavour, which sustained quite heavy damage. Cook was impressed by the repair that were carried out by the worker of the ship yard and the by technology that was used, which according to him was the best in the world. The Meticulous work on his ship convinced him and his crew that they would be able to safely make the journey home to England.

Cook was in Batavia for Approximately 3 months, from October to December 1770

James Cook Leather

Tuesday, 23^rd. In the P.M. hauled along side one of the wharfes, in order to take out our stores, etc., after which the ship is to be delivers' into the charge of the proper Officers at Onrust, Who will(as I am informed) Have her down, and repair her, with their own people, while ours must stand and look on who, if we were permitted, could do everything to the ship ourselves.

James Cook

Pujian Capt. James Cook mengenai Onrust

Employed clearing the ship of Careening gear, her bottom being now thoroughly repaired, and very much to my satisfaction. In justice to the Officers and workmen of this yard, I must say that I do not bealive that there is amarine Yard in the world where work is done with more alertness than here, or where there are better conveniences for heaving ships down both in point of safety and dispatch. Here they heave down by 2 mast; a man not only be strongly bigoted to his own costums, but in some measure divested of reason, that will not allow this, after seeing with how much ease and safety Dutch at Onrust heave down their largest ships

Hisorical Records of James Cook in Batavia

Hisorical Records of James Cook in Batavia

1 October 1770 From Savu, the Bark Endeavour enters the sunda strait.

4 October 1770 Entering the Sunda Strait.

10 October 1770 Arrives in Batavia (but,according to the locals it was October 11)

10 – 17 October 1770 Stays in Batavia and meets with Governor General Petrus Albertus van der parra, to discuss matters relating to the cost of repair and the prepare the necessary papres for repair works to be done at Onrust.

18 October 1770 Sails to Onrust and anchors around 7 fathoms off the Cuyper (Cipir)Island to wait for her turn as the docks are all occupied

23 October 1770 The ship is taken to one of the wharves on cuyper(cipir) Island to unload all supplies and goods that were stowed on the ship.

1 November 1770 The ship has been cleared of all her cargoes

5 November 1770 The ship is taken to one of the repair docks.

6 November 1770 Repair works on the HMS Bark Endeavour commences

7 November 1770 The ship is heaved down on her right side.

7 – 14 November 1770 The ship is under repair.

15 November 1770 The ship is taken back to cuyper (cipir) Island and is docked in one of the wharves.

15 November – 7 December 1770

Gathers all the necessary supplies, water and provisions while the ships mast, pump and sails are being repaired

8 December 1770 Returns to Batavia.

8 – 25 December 1770 Docks in Batavia to obtain additional waters and provisions as well as the necessary equipment. Additional repairs are also performed, among them are the painting of the ships hull and other preparations needed to returns to sea

25 December 1770 Leaves Batavia for the cape of good hope (Tanjung Harapan)

The 19th Century

The 19^th Century

In 1872, Governor Van Der Capellan decided to restore Onrust, and it was not until 1848 that in the activities on the island returned to normal.

In 1856, a new floating dry dock was added to the harbor to make it possible for ship for ship repaired in the waters. From illustration. It can be said that Onrust is one of the most important harbor after harbor in Surabaya.

Important Evans in the 19th Century

Important Evans in the 19^th Century

1800 The English Armada under the command of H.C. Ball Established a Blockade on Batavia. Onrust and its surrounding island were the first to be surrounded. Every single building on Onrust was destroyed

1803 Plans to restore Onrust based on the plans made by D.M Barbier.

1806 The newly restored Onrust was once again attacked by the English under the command of Admiral Edward Pellew.

1809 Governor general H.D.Daendels collected the building materials from the remaining structures.

1810 The English destroyed what ever was left of the buildings that once stood on the island

1810-1816 The English made use of Onrust for their interest

1827 Governor General C.A. Baron Van Der Capellan took an interests in Onrust

1828 Commencement of restoration activities. Natives, Chinese and prisoner were utilized in the construction process

1848 Activities returned to Onrust

1856 Construction of a floating dry dock.

1858 Mentions of steam engine to repair ship made from iron

1877 Two iron dock were already operational , one of which was the best in the world

1883 The Eruption of Krakatau and the tidal wave that ensued destroyed most of the facilities

Important Events in the 20 Century

Important Events in the 20 Century

1905 Onrust Once again gained attention after being abandoned for so many years. A weather station was constructed on the Onrust and Cipir Islands

1911-1933 Onrust transformed into haj Quarantine

1933-1940 The Island became a detention center for mutineers involved in the “ Zeven provincien” incident . three mutineers who were killed in the bombing were buried on kelor island.

May 1940 Approximately 1200 German civilians and sympathizers of Germany were sent on Onrust to be detained in the intern camp.

1941 During the Japanese occupancy. Onrust’s role began to decline because the Japanese felt that the Island was no longer potential as it has already become known to fighter planes.

Onrust was, instead, used as small penitentiary for hard core criminals.

Onrust as Haj Quarantine

The history of the Indonesia Haj Pilgrimage programs could not be separated from the Onrust. In the early 20^th Century (1911), the Dutch Colonial Government designated Onrust as a Quarantine for returning Haj Pilgrims. The purpose was to prevent the spread of transferrable diseases that my be borne by the pilgrims. For this purpose, 35 barracks were built. These barracks were able to accommodate approximately 3500 returning pilgrims were required to stay on the island for at least 5 days before they were allowed to leave.

A hospital, complete with the Doctors and nurses, were also built. Pilgrims that passed away during the quarantine were transported aboard “ The Onrust “ to the nearby Pulau sakit (now Pulau Bidadari) or pulau kelor to be buried The Haj Pilgrims Quarantine was discontinued in 1933, with the construction was discontinued in 1933, with the construction of the new tanjung priok Harbor.

Onrust Picture